我曾经写过一篇文章──《》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。
今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。 在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点: 1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。 2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。 3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统): 1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48 /usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www mkdir -p /var/vcache chmod +w /var/vcache chown -R www:www /var/vcache
2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/): mkdir -p /var/logs chmod +w /var/logs chown -R www:www /var/logs
3、编译安装varnish: wget tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz cd varnish-1.1.2 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish make && make install
4、创建Varnish配置文件: vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf
输入以下内容: 引用
backend myblogserver { set backend.host = "192.168.0.5"; set backend.port = "80"; } acl purge { "localhost"; "127.0.0.1"; "192.168.1.0"/24; } sub vcl_recv { if (req.request == "PURGE") { if (!client.ip ~ purge) { error 405 "Not allowed."; } lookup; } if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.s135.com") { set req.backend = myblogserver; if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { pipe; } else { lookup; } } else { error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server"; lookup; } } sub vcl_hit { if (req.request == "PURGE") { set obj.ttl = 0s; error 200 "Purged."; } } sub vcl_miss { if (req.request == "PURGE") { error 404 "Not in cache."; } } sub vcl_fetch { if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") { set obj.ttl = 3600s; } else { set obj.ttl = 30d; } }
ulimit -SHn 51200 /usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件: /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &
7、配置开机自动启动Varnish vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下内容: 引用
ulimit -SHn 51200 /usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容: 引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
再看看如何管理Varnish: 1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat
2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理: 用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令: /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
引用
Available commands: ping [timestamp] status start stop stats vcl.load vcl.inline vcl.use vcl.discard vcl.list vcl.show param.show [-l] [] param.set help [command] url.purge dump.pool
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/
(2)、例:清除类似的URL地址: /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$
(3)、例:清除所有缓存: /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$
4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便): - <?php
- function purge($ip, $url)
- {
- $errstr = '';
- $errno = '';
- $fp = fsockopen ($ip, 80, $errno, $errstr, 2);
- if (!$fp)
- {
- return false;
- }
- else
- {
- $out = "PURGE $url HTTP/1.1\r\n";
- $out .= "Host:blog.s135.com\r\n";
- $out .= "Connection: close\r\n\r\n";
- fputs ($fp, $out);
- $out = fgets($fp , 4096);
- fclose ($fp);
- return true;
- }
- }
- purge("192.168.0.4", "/index.php");
- ?>
<?php function purge($ip, $url) { $errstr = ''; $errno = ''; $fp = fsockopen ($ip, 80, $errno, $errstr, 2); if (!$fp) { return false; } else { $out = "PURGE $url HTTP/1.1\r\n"; $out .= "Host:blog.s135.com\r\n"; $out .= "Connection: close\r\n\r\n"; fputs ($fp, $out); $out = fgets($fp , 4096); fclose ($fp); return true; } } purge("192.168.0.4", "/index.php"); ?>
附1:Varnish官方网站: 附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh): /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下: 引用
#!/bin/sh # This file run at 00:00 date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d") pkill -9 varnishncsa mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log & mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/ gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz
/usr/bin/crontab -e
或者
vi /var/spool/cron/root
输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh
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